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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution through natural selection is the defining force of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology, and the study of palaeontology. However the study of evolution is often controversial and the misinformation that results can confuse people regarding its basic concepts. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are caused by natural selection, which increases the number of organisms who have beneficial traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. They produce more offspring because of the positive characteristics. This leads to an alteration in genetics that could eventually lead to the development of new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with the notion of “survival of the fittest” which means that individuals who are best adapted to a specific environment will be more successful than those who aren't well-adapted. However, this is only one of the many ways that evolution can occur. Another way of using the term “evolution” is to suggest that species can change from one state to the next. This type of view of evolution is known as anagenetic or cladogenesis. This view is not supported by the definition of evolution in science. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result of mutations that produce natural selection and genomic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this idea. Others, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, who developed the theory of macroevolution and believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower forms. For a concept to be considered a theory, it must be capable of standing up to rigorous testing and evidence. The evidence of evolution has stood the test of time and has been backed by numerous studies in many sciences, from geology to biology to astronomy. In reality evolution is considered to be one of the fundamental tenets of science today, and is supported by the majority of scientists around the world. However, there are many misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically the relationship it has with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation of how living things change over time. 에볼루션코리아 is based on a range of well-established observations such as the fact that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive in the long run; that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that various traits confer varying rates of reproduction and survival and can be passed down to the next generation. These observations are backed up by a growing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional geology, morphology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to explain how organisms adapt to their physical and biological environments. It is the most widely accepted and tested theory in science. Its predictions have been proved out by the evidence that, for instance more complex organisms are more likely to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition the more successful an organism is at reproduction and survival and reproducing, the more likely it will be to pass on its genes to the next generation. Some people oppose evolution because they believe it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious such as the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and can even be enhanced by it. In actual fact, a significant number of highly qualified evolutionary biologists, some of who are respected evangelical Christian leaders have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding of a vast array of phenomena, such as phylogenetics and genomics, and also the formation and function of fossils. The word “theory” is often used to refer to a guess or speculation however it actually is a scientific hypothesis that has been thoroughly evaluated and refined over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating the experiment or observations that led to them. Therefore, the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly confirmed, along with the related theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual shift in the genetically different individuals within a particular species over time. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors those who are better adapted for their environment. The more adapted individuals have higher chances of reproducing and survival. As more people live and reproduce, their genes are more common in the general population. This is often described as “survival of the fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the causes of mutations that result in genomic variation are what triggers evolutionary change. These mutations can occur at random or under the influence of the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele will vary from generation to generation. In contrast, when an alteration is beneficial, it can increase the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread throughout the population. Over time, these shifts in allele frequencies can result in the creation of new species. The new species will then evolve and develop into newer forms. This is known as macroevolution. The formation of new species is often caused by changes in the environment, which make certain resources available or creates new environmental issues. For instance, the rise of finches on the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of foods and the need to defend themselves from predators. In a wider context it is any change that occurs in the nature of living organisms over time. The change could be small or even the creation of a new coloration or massive, for instance, the formation of a new organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally recognize the importance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution happens over a long period of time, often millions of years. They differ in the importance of various factors that can accelerate or slow down the process. For example, the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists believe that evolution is real and the evidence to prove it is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? In the decades since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. This evidence comes from fossils which show the evolution of organisms over time. Other evidence is found in the similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the most effective method of proving evolution. It shows how different species are related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They share a common structure, but they perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bird or bat. The fact that different species develop and adapt to a similar environment is another sign of evolution. For instance, arctic-foxes and ptarmigans grow seasonal white pelts that blend into snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolution, which suggests that the species had common ancestors. Vestigial structures are a different piece of evidence. They are the remains of an organism which may have served some purpose in the distant past. The human appendix for instance is a remnant of an organ that was once used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they're no longer in use, a process known as natural selection. Scientists have also gathered other evidence of evolution via observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be classified into six distinct categories: directly observable changes at a small scale, biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomy fossil records, genetics. Each of these provides convincing evidence that evolution of life took place. Many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution. However, it's an actual fact. It is not a speculative theory, but a powerful collection that is built on decades of observation. Scientists continue to gather and study new information to better understand the arc of Earth's evolution regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will help scientists to better understand how to avoid future global catastrophes, and how to best utilize the resources available on our planet. This information will also allow us to better meet the needs and desires of the people living on this planet.